Starbucks Espresso & Cream: Caffeine Guide (9+)


Starbucks Espresso & Cream: Caffeine Guide (9+)

A typical Starbucks espresso shot incorporates roughly 75mg of caffeine. Including cream, whether or not heavy cream, gentle cream, or a non-dairy different, doesn’t introduce any further caffeine. The full caffeine content material of an espresso beverage with cream will due to this fact be decided by the variety of espresso pictures it incorporates. For instance, a doppio (double shot) would have round 150mg.

Understanding the caffeine content material of espresso-based drinks is crucial for managing caffeine consumption. This data permits customers to make knowledgeable decisions aligned with their particular person sensitivities and desired power ranges all through the day. Traditionally, espresso homes like Starbucks have performed a big position in popularizing espresso-based drinks, making consciousness of their caffeine ranges more and more essential for public well being and shopper schooling.

The next sections delve additional into variations in caffeine ranges throughout completely different Starbucks espresso drinks, components influencing caffeine content material, and proposals for reasonable consumption.

1. Espresso

The muse of understanding caffeine ranges in Starbucks espresso drinks, with or with out cream, lies within the caffeine content material of a single espresso shot. This baseline measurement of roughly 75mg permits for calculating the overall caffeine in additional advanced drinks. Since cream itself doesn’t include caffeine, the variety of espresso pictures serves as the first determinant.

  • Single-Shot Drinks

    Drinks like a solo espresso or a macchiato (which incorporates a small quantity of milk foam) derive their caffeine solely from the only shot, leading to roughly 75mg of caffeine. This makes them a comparatively low-caffeine possibility throughout the espresso household. Understanding this direct correlation is essential for people monitoring caffeine consumption.

  • Double-Shot Drinks

    The most typical espresso drinks at Starbucks, resembling lattes, cappuccinos, and flat whites, sometimes use a double shot (doppio) as their base. Consequently, the caffeine content material doubles to roughly 150mg, no matter the kind of milk or cream added. This represents a reasonable caffeine stage in comparison with different caffeinated drinks.

  • Triple-Shot Drinks (“Venti” measurement)

    Bigger “venti” sized espresso drinks at Starbucks typically include three pictures of espresso, elevating the overall caffeine content material to roughly 225mg. This important enhance underscores the significance of measurement consideration when evaluating caffeine consumption. Choosing a smaller measurement can considerably scale back caffeine consumption.

  • Variations and Exceptions

    Sure drinks deviate from this customary espresso shot framework. Americanos, for instance, encompass espresso pictures diluted with scorching water, retaining the caffeine content material of the unique pictures. Chilly brew, using a unique brewing course of, presents a wholly completely different caffeine profile. Recognizing these variations is important for correct caffeine evaluation.

In the end, understanding the caffeine contribution of a single espresso shot offers a framework for navigating the caffeine panorama of Starbucks espresso drinks. Whereas the addition of cream doesn’t have an effect on the caffeine ranges, the variety of espresso pictures stays paramount. This information empowers customers to make knowledgeable decisions aligned with their particular person caffeine tolerances and preferences.

2. Cream

Precisely assessing the caffeine content material of a Starbucks espresso beverage with cream requires understanding the distinct contributions of every element. Whereas espresso offers the caffeine, cream provides solely taste and texture, with out introducing further caffeine. This distinction is essential for customers in search of to handle caffeine consumption.

  • Dairy Cream Variations

    Totally different dairy cream choices, resembling heavy cream, gentle cream, and half-and-half, range in fats content material however uniformly lack caffeine. Whether or not a buyer selects a beverage with a splash of heavy cream or a beneficiant pour of half-and-half, the caffeine stage stays decided solely by the espresso. This consistency simplifies caffeine calculation.

  • Non-Dairy Options

    The growing recognition of non-dairy creamers, together with soy, almond, oat, and coconut milk choices, additional emphasizes the separation of cream and caffeine. These plant-based alternate options, like their dairy counterparts, don’t include caffeine. Subsequently, their inclusion in an espresso drink doesn’t alter the general caffeine stage, which continues to rely upon the variety of espresso pictures.

  • Impression on Taste and Texture

    Whereas cream doesn’t contribute caffeine, it considerably influences the sensory expertise of an espresso beverage. The richness and mouthfeel imparted by cream can improve the enjoyment of the drink with out impacting its stimulating properties. This enables for personalisation of taste profiles with out altering caffeine consumption.

  • Implications for Caffeine Administration

    Understanding that cream doesn’t add caffeine simplifies the method of managing caffeine consumption. Customers can concentrate on the scale of the espresso drink (single, double, or triple shot) as the first determinant of caffeine content material. The selection of cream, whether or not dairy or non-dairy, turns into a matter of private choice relating to style and texture, with out requiring further caffeine calculations.

The absence of caffeine in cream permits for larger flexibility in customizing espresso drinks with out affecting total caffeine ranges. This information empowers customers to prioritize taste and texture preferences whereas sustaining management over their caffeine consumption, finally facilitating knowledgeable and customized beverage decisions at Starbucks.

3. Latte

The caffeine content material of a Starbucks latte instantly correlates with its measurement, a vital issue when contemplating “how a lot caffeine is in Starbucks espresso and cream.” Because the cream itself provides no caffeine, the espresso pictures decide the caffeine stage. Latte measurement dictates the variety of pictures, creating a transparent relationship between measurement and caffeine content material.

  • Brief Measurement

    Whereas not formally on the menu, a “quick” latte incorporates a single shot of espresso, yielding roughly 75mg of caffeine. This measurement offers a lower-caffeine possibility for these delicate to stimulants or in search of a milder caffeine expertise. It demonstrates that even throughout the latte class, caffeine ranges may be tailor-made.

  • Tall Measurement

    The “tall” latte, a regular Starbucks measurement, additionally contains one espresso shot, leading to roughly 75mg of caffeine. This serves as a baseline caffeine stage for comparability with bigger sizes, highlighting the incremental enhance with every measurement improve. It reinforces the significance of measurement consideration in caffeine administration.

  • Grande Measurement

    A “grande” latte doubles the espresso to 2 pictures, thus containing roughly 150mg of caffeine. This important soar represents a typical caffeine consumption stage however could also be extreme for some people. Recognizing this distinction is important for making knowledgeable decisions about latte consumption.

  • Venti Measurement

    The biggest customary measurement, “venti,” contains three espresso pictures, resulting in roughly 225mg of caffeine. This appreciable quantity necessitates cautious consideration for these monitoring caffeine consumption. Choosing a smaller measurement can considerably scale back caffeine consumption.

Subsequently, understanding the connection between latte measurement and espresso pictures permits customers to manage their caffeine consumption. Whereas the addition of cream doesn’t affect the caffeine stage, measurement choice turns into a vital consider managing caffeine consumption throughout the context of “how a lot caffeine is in Starbucks espresso and cream.”

4. Cappuccino

When analyzing caffeine content material in Starbucks drinks with cream, cappuccinos current a comparable profile to lattes. The first issue influencing caffeine ranges in each drinks stays the variety of espresso pictures, unaffected by the addition of cream. Although differing in milk proportions and foam texture, the underlying caffeine construction hyperlinks these two standard espresso-based drinks.

  • Espresso Pictures because the Figuring out Issue

    As with lattes, the caffeine in a cappuccino derives solely from the espresso. The steamed milk and attribute foam, although integral to the beverage’s texture and taste profile, contribute no caffeine. Subsequently, a single-shot cappuccino, like a single-shot latte, incorporates roughly 75mg of caffeine.

  • Measurement and Caffeine Correlation

    Cappuccino sizes, mirroring latte sizes, instantly affect caffeine content material. A “tall” sometimes incorporates one shot, a “grande” two, and a “venti” three, leading to roughly 75mg, 150mg, and 225mg of caffeine, respectively. This parallel size-caffeine relationship simplifies cross-comparison between cappuccinos and lattes.

  • Milk Ratio Affect on Perceived Energy

    Regardless of equivalent espresso content material, a cappuccino’s greater foam-to-milk ratio would possibly create a notion of elevated depth in comparison with a latte. This perceived power pertains to taste focus, not caffeine ranges. The precise caffeine stays in line with the variety of espresso pictures, no matter milk and foam proportions.

  • Cream Addition Consistency

    Including cream to both a cappuccino or a latte doesn’t alter the caffeine content material. Whether or not dairy or non-dairy, cream contributes solely to the richness and texture of the beverage. The established size-espresso shot-caffeine relationship stays unaffected by the inclusion of cream.

In conclusion, the caffeine concerns for a cappuccino intently resemble these of a latte. Specializing in the variety of espresso pictures, dictated by the drink’s measurement, offers probably the most correct estimate of caffeine content material. Whereas the addition of cream and the distinct textural variations affect the general sensory expertise, the underlying precept relating to caffeine stays constant between these two espresso-based drinks.

5. Americano

Understanding the caffeine content material of an Americano is essential when exploring the broader matter of caffeine in Starbucks espresso-based drinks, even these containing cream. Whereas cream itself provides no caffeine, the Americano, composed merely of espresso and scorching water, offers a transparent illustration of how the variety of espresso pictures instantly determines the caffeine stage. This elementary precept applies throughout varied espresso drinks, together with these modified with cream.

  • Espresso Shot Basis

    The Americano’s composition highlights the position of espresso as the only real supply of caffeine. Sizzling water acts as a diluent, impacting the beverage’s power and quantity however not its caffeine content material. A single-shot Americano, due to this fact, incorporates the identical quantity of caffeine as a single shot of espresso roughly 75mg. This direct correlation underscores the significance of understanding espresso because the foundational caffeine aspect.

  • Measurement and Caffeine Content material

    Much like different espresso drinks, the scale of an Americano dictates the variety of espresso pictures, thus influencing the overall caffeine. A “grande” Americano, with two pictures, incorporates roughly 150mg of caffeine, whereas a “venti,” with three pictures, incorporates roughly 225mg. This proportional relationship reinforces the consistency of caffeine ranges throughout completely different espresso-based drinks primarily based on measurement.

  • Comparability with Cream-Containing Drinks

    Evaluating an Americano to a latte or cappuccino with cream clarifies the impartial roles of espresso and cream. Whereas the cream provides richness and texture to the latter drinks, the basic caffeine stage stays decided by the espresso. An Americano, missing cream, showcases this precept in its easiest kind. This comparability emphasizes that the addition of cream doesn’t alter the caffeine derived from the espresso.

  • Readability in Caffeine Calculation

    The Americano’s easy formulation espresso + water offers readability in caffeine calculation. With no further elements contributing caffeine, customers can simply decide the overall caffeine content material primarily based on the scale and corresponding variety of espresso pictures. This easy calculation underscores the constant relationship between espresso pictures and caffeine throughout varied Starbucks drinks.

In essence, the Americano serves as a pure instance of how espresso pictures dictate caffeine content material in Starbucks drinks. This understanding, related throughout the spectrum of espresso drinks, clarifies the position of espresso as the first caffeine supply, whatever the presence of cream or different additions. The Americano’s simplicity underscores the constant precept that enables customers to precisely assess caffeine consumption primarily based on the variety of espresso pictures of their chosen beverage.

6. Macchiato

Understanding the minimal affect of milk in a macchiato is essential to precisely assessing its caffeine content material throughout the broader context of Starbucks espresso and cream drinks. Since cream, like milk, would not include caffeine, the first determinant of caffeine ranges in a macchiato stays the espresso. Inspecting the macchiato’s composition and variations clarifies its place throughout the caffeine panorama of espresso-based drinks.

  • Espresso Dominance

    The macchiato, in its conventional kind, emphasizes the espresso. The small quantity of foamed milk added serves primarily to melt the espresso’s depth, to not considerably alter the beverage’s quantity or caffeine content material. This distinguishes the macchiato from milk-forward drinks like lattes and cappuccinos, the place milk performs a bigger position. Subsequently, the caffeine in a macchiato comes virtually solely from the espresso.

  • Variations and Their Affect

    Variations just like the “latte macchiato,” which inverts the normal preparation by including espresso to exploit, can introduce extra milk and thus enhance the general quantity. Nonetheless, the caffeine content material stays tied to the variety of espresso pictures used. Distinguishing between these variations is essential for correct caffeine evaluation. A standard macchiato sometimes incorporates a single shot (round 75mg of caffeine), whereas variations might include extra.

  • Cream’s Insignificant Function in Caffeine Content material

    Including cream to a macchiato, whereas probably altering the flavour profile, doesn’t have an effect on the caffeine stage. As with different espresso drinks, cream capabilities as a taste enhancer and textural element, not a caffeine supply. The variety of espresso pictures continues to dictate the caffeine content material, whether or not the macchiato contains cream or not.

  • Caffeine Calculation Simplicity

    The macchiato, notably the normal model, affords a comparatively easy case for caffeine calculation. With milk enjoying a minimal position and cream contributing no caffeine, the espresso shot depend instantly correlates to the overall caffeine content material. This easy relationship facilitates correct caffeine administration for customers.

In abstract, the macchiato, notably in its conventional kind, offers a transparent instance of espresso’s dominant position in figuring out caffeine ranges. Whereas variations and the choice of including cream introduce nuances in taste and texture, the underlying precept stays: the espresso pictures present the caffeine. This understanding simplifies caffeine evaluation throughout the wider context of Starbucks espresso and cream drinks, enabling knowledgeable consumption decisions.

7. Flat White

The flat white, typically in comparison with the latte, presents an identical caffeine profile throughout the context of Starbucks espresso and cream drinks. Understanding this similarity permits for constant caffeine administration throughout these two standard drinks. Whereas textural and taste nuances distinguish them, the basic precept relating to caffeine content material stays constant: the variety of espresso pictures determines the caffeine stage, no matter the addition of cream.

  • Espresso because the Caffeine Supply

    Each flat whites and lattes derive their caffeine solely from espresso. The kind of milk and the strategy of steaming, whereas influencing texture and taste, don’t introduce further caffeine. This shared reliance on espresso because the caffeine supply simplifies cross-comparison and permits for constant caffeine expectations throughout each drinks.

  • Measurement and Espresso Shot Correlation

    As with lattes, the scale of a flat white dictates the variety of espresso pictures, thus figuring out the caffeine content material. A “tall” sometimes incorporates one shot (round 75mg of caffeine), a “grande” two (round 150mg), and a “venti” three (round 225mg). This parallel construction simplifies caffeine evaluation and facilitates knowledgeable decisions for customers in search of to handle caffeine consumption.

  • Microfoam Affect on Notion

    The flat white’s signature microfoam, making a velvety texture, would possibly result in a notion of elevated depth in comparison with a latte. Nonetheless, this distinction pertains to mouthfeel and taste focus, not caffeine ranges. The precise caffeine content material stays dictated by the espresso pictures, whatever the milk’s texture or integration.

  • Cream’s Constant Non-Contribution

    Including cream to both a flat white or a latte doesn’t have an effect on the caffeine content material. Whether or not dairy or non-dairy, cream’s position stays restricted to taste and texture enhancement. The basic relationship between espresso pictures and caffeine persists whatever the presence of cream, permitting for constant caffeine administration throughout each beverage classes.

In conclusion, the flat white’s similarity to the latte extends to its caffeine content material. Each drinks depend on espresso as the only real caffeine supply, with the variety of pictures instantly correlating to the overall caffeine. Understanding this parallel permits customers to use constant caffeine administration methods throughout each drinks, no matter variations in milk texture or the addition of cream. This information facilitates knowledgeable decision-making for people in search of to steadiness their enjoyment of espresso-based drinks with their desired caffeine consumption.

8. Chilly Brew

Whereas espresso-based drinks, with or with out cream, derive their caffeine from a pressurized, high-temperature extraction course of, chilly brew makes use of a definite methodology. This distinction in extraction considerably impacts the ultimate caffeine focus in chilly brew, providing an alternate caffeine profile in comparison with conventional espresso drinks at Starbucks. Understanding this distinction is essential for precisely assessing caffeine consumption throughout the vary of Starbucks espresso choices.

  • Steep Time and Focus

    Chilly brew entails steeping espresso grounds in cool water for an prolonged interval, sometimes 12-24 hours. This extended contact time permits for larger extraction of caffeine and different espresso compounds, leading to a better focus in comparison with a shorter, hotter espresso extraction. This distinction highlights the affect of brewing methodology on ultimate caffeine ranges.

  • Grind Measurement and Floor Space

    Chilly brew sometimes employs a coarser grind measurement in comparison with espresso. The bigger floor space of coarse grounds facilitates extra in depth contact with the water through the steeping course of, contributing to greater caffeine extraction. This demonstrates how grind measurement, alongside steep time, influences caffeine focus in chilly brew.

  • Dilution and Serving Measurement

    Chilly brew is usually served diluted with water or milk, and serving sizes can range significantly. This dilution issue considerably influences the ultimate caffeine focus in every serving. A bigger chilly brew, even with a better preliminary caffeine focus on account of extraction, might include an identical and even decrease caffeine stage per ounce in comparison with a smaller espresso drink. Cautious consideration of serving measurement and dilution is due to this fact essential for correct caffeine evaluation.

  • Comparability with Espresso and Cream

    Evaluating chilly brew to espresso-based drinks with cream additional clarifies the excellence in caffeine ranges. Whereas the addition of cream to an espresso drink doesn’t have an effect on caffeine, the inherent distinction in extraction strategies between chilly brew and espresso results in diverse caffeine concentrations. Customers should think about these variations when managing their caffeine consumption, understanding {that a} “grande” chilly brew will doubtless include extra caffeine than a “grande” latte, regardless of the presence or absence of cream.

Subsequently, whereas cream stays a caffeine-neutral addition in each espresso drinks and probably in chilly brew, the extraction methodology differentiates chilly brew’s caffeine profile considerably. The prolonged steep time and coarse grind measurement contribute to a better caffeine focus within the preliminary chilly brew focus. Nonetheless, dilution and serving measurement play a vital position within the ultimate caffeine content material per serving. Customers in search of to handle caffeine consumption ought to think about these components alongside the usual espresso shot framework when selecting between chilly brew and conventional espresso drinks at Starbucks.

9. Decaf

Decaffeinated espresso, whereas not solely caffeine-free, affords a considerably diminished caffeine possibility throughout the Starbucks menu, related to these monitoring consumption. This discount permits people delicate to caffeine or these limiting consumption to get pleasure from espresso-based drinks with out the identical stage of stimulation. Understanding the decaffeination course of and its affect on caffeine ranges clarifies the position of decaf throughout the broader context of “how a lot caffeine is in Starbucks espresso and cream.” Even with the addition of cream, which inherently incorporates no caffeine, the selection of decaf espresso stays the first determinant of diminished caffeine content material. For instance, a decaf latte, no matter cream or milk sort, will present considerably much less caffeine than an everyday latte.

The decaffeination course of sometimes removes roughly 97% of the caffeine from espresso beans. Consequently, a shot of decaf espresso at Starbucks incorporates roughly 2-5mg of caffeine, a stark distinction to the 75mg present in an everyday espresso shot. This substantial discount permits for larger flexibility in managing each day caffeine consumption. People can get pleasure from bigger sizes or a number of servings of decaf espresso drinks with out exceeding their desired caffeine limits. Sensible purposes embrace night consumption for these delicate to caffeine’s sleep-disrupting results or the power to get pleasure from espresso-based drinks all through the day with out accumulating extreme caffeine ranges.

In abstract, decaf espresso offers a useful possibility throughout the Starbucks menu for these in search of to reduce caffeine consumption. Whereas not solely caffeine-free, the numerous discount permits for a broader vary of espresso-based beverage decisions with out the identical stage of stimulation related to common espresso. Understanding the minimal caffeine content material in decaf, no matter added cream, empowers customers to make knowledgeable decisions aligned with particular person caffeine sensitivities and consumption targets. This information enhances the broader understanding of caffeine ranges in Starbucks espresso and cream drinks, facilitating knowledgeable and customized consumption patterns.

Often Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to caffeine ranges in Starbucks espresso drinks containing cream.

Query 1: Does including cream to espresso enhance the caffeine content material?

No, cream, whether or not dairy or non-dairy, incorporates no caffeine. Including it to an espresso drink impacts solely taste and texture, not the overall caffeine stage.

Query 2: How a lot caffeine is in a “grande” latte with cream?

A “grande” latte sometimes incorporates two espresso pictures, totaling roughly 150mg of caffeine. Cream doesn’t add any further caffeine.

Query 3: Is a cappuccino with cream greater in caffeine than a latte with cream of the identical measurement?

No, assuming the identical measurement, each drinks will include the identical variety of espresso pictures, and due to this fact the identical quantity of caffeine. Cream doesn’t contribute to caffeine ranges.

Query 4: How does the caffeine in a Starbucks chilly brew evaluate to an espresso drink with cream?

Chilly brew sometimes incorporates extra caffeine than a equally sized espresso drink. The brewing methodology, relatively than the cream, influences this distinction. Check with the chilly brew part for extra element on its distinctive caffeine profile.

Query 5: Does decaf espresso with cream have any caffeine?

Decaf espresso, whereas considerably diminished in caffeine, nonetheless incorporates a small quantity (sometimes 2-5mg per shot). Cream doesn’t add any caffeine to the decaf espresso.

Query 6: How can one scale back caffeine consumption when ordering espresso drinks at Starbucks?

Ordering smaller sizes (“quick” or “tall”) instantly reduces the variety of espresso pictures and thus the caffeine. Choosing decaf espresso considerably minimizes caffeine consumption. The presence or absence of cream is irrelevant to caffeine ranges.

Cautious consideration of espresso pictures and serving measurement stays essential for managing caffeine consumption at Starbucks. Cream, whereas contributing taste and texture, doesn’t have an effect on the caffeine derived from espresso.

The following part offers additional suggestions for managing caffeine consumption when having fun with espresso-based drinks.

Ideas for Managing Caffeine Consumption from Espresso and Cream

Efficient caffeine administration requires consciousness of contributing components in espresso-based drinks. The following tips provide sensible steering for navigating caffeine ranges in Starbucks espresso drinks containing cream.

Tip 1: Perceive Espresso Shot Fundamentals: Espresso pictures present the caffeine in these drinks. A typical shot incorporates ~75mg of caffeine. Cream provides no caffeine. Specializing in the variety of pictures permits for correct caffeine evaluation.

Tip 2: Measurement Issues: “Tall,” “Grande,” and “Venti” sizes correlate instantly with the variety of espresso pictures. Choosing smaller sizes reduces total caffeine consumption. Cream’s presence doesn’t alter this relationship.

Tip 3: Decode the Menu: Acknowledge that beverage names typically point out espresso shot depend. A “Doppio” (double shot) signifies greater caffeine than a single shot espresso, no matter added cream.

Tip 4: Decaf as a Low-Caffeine Choice: Decaf espresso affords considerably diminished caffeine, roughly 2-5mg per shot. It permits for enjoyment of espresso-based drinks with minimal stimulation, even with cream.

Tip 5: Chilly Brew Concerns: Chilly brew’s caffeine content material differs from espresso on account of its distinctive brewing methodology. Serving measurement and dilution considerably affect ultimate caffeine ranges. Cream’s addition stays caffeine-neutral.

Tip 6: Customise with Consciousness: Cream, whether or not dairy or non-dairy, provides taste and richness with out including caffeine. Deal with espresso pictures and measurement when managing caffeine, then customise cream to choice.

Tip 7: Monitor Private Sensitivity: Particular person caffeine tolerance varies. Monitor reactions to completely different espresso drinks with cream to find out optimum consumption ranges for particular person wants.

By understanding these rules, one can successfully handle caffeine consumption whereas having fun with the various vary of espresso and cream drinks supplied at Starbucks. The following tips empower customers to make knowledgeable decisions aligned with private caffeine preferences and tolerances.

The next conclusion summarizes the important thing takeaways relating to caffeine content material in Starbucks espresso and cream.

Understanding Caffeine in Starbucks Espresso and Cream

Cautious evaluation reveals that the caffeine content material in Starbucks espresso drinks with cream hinges totally on the variety of espresso pictures, not the presence of cream itself. Cream, whether or not dairy or non-dairy, contributes no further caffeine. Subsequently, a “tall” latte (one shot) incorporates roughly 75mg of caffeine, a “grande” (two pictures) incorporates roughly 150mg, and a “venti” (three pictures) incorporates round 225mg, no matter cream. Different drinks like cappuccinos and flat whites comply with related patterns primarily based on measurement and espresso shot depend. Exceptions embrace Americanos (espresso and water), chilly brew (completely different brewing methodology), and decaf espresso (considerably diminished caffeine).

Knowledgeable decision-making relating to caffeine consumption requires understanding these elementary rules. Customers should think about espresso pictures, beverage measurement, and brewing strategies to precisely assess caffeine consumption. This information empowers people to navigate the Starbucks menu strategically, aligning beverage decisions with private caffeine preferences and tolerances. In the end, knowledgeable consumption fosters a balanced method to having fun with espresso-based drinks whereas managing caffeine consumption successfully.